• Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk

  2024-11-29

  

  Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk degradation process including three major forms namely microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and macroautophagy. A large number of evidence has depicted a pivotal role for autophagy in the maintenance of cardiac geometry and contractile fu

• While high fat diet models of

  2024-11-28

  

  While high-fat diet models of insulin resistance are acceptable approaches for the study of pre-diabetes in humans, they are not suitable for modeling progression towards established type2 diabetes. The pattern of activation of the lipoxygenase pathway in pre-clinical models of type2 diabetes has no

• Herbal medicines have been used to treat

  2024-11-28

  

  Herbal medicines have been used to treat various types of diseases and disorders for thousands of years worldwide (Li and Brown, 2009). Natural products have been the remedy of cancer chemotherapy for the past several decades. Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze. (Labiatae), commonly known as 'yu-chen-tsa

• br Conflict of interest br

  2024-11-28

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important intracellular signaling system that regulates diverse cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [1]. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (A

• Beside estrogen several classes of compounds have

  2024-11-28

  

  Beside estrogen, several Fmoc-D-Phe(4-Cl)-OH of compounds have shown significant neuroprotective efficacy when administered shortly after the induction of animal models of stroke, including glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and zinc chelators [25], [26], [27]. Effects of these or other neuroprot

• In addition AMPK reduces protein synthesis and stimulates ap

  2024-11-28

  

  In addition, AMPK reduces protein synthesis and stimulates apoptotic and autophagic pathways through the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which regulates cellular metabolic homeostasis, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, autophagy and apoptosis (Maiese, 2016). mTOR is th

• br AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting

  2024-11-28

  

  AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome TCDD causes numerous toxicities in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis, hepatic steatosis, thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction and a lethal wasting syndrome [17]. The dose-dependent sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicities varies widely among l

• The results of cell culture

  2024-11-28

  

  The results of cell culture models were further supported by in vivo studies in mice treated with PXR and/or AhR agonists, PCN and β-NF. In these mice, AhR-regulated cyp1a1, and cyp1a2 were suppressed by PXR activation as determined by real time Q-PCR (Fig. 3). The level of PXR mRNA was not changed

• It is worth mentioning that cordycepin as an

  2024-11-27

  

  It is worth mentioning that cordycepin, as an adenosine analogue, is structurally similar to adenosine. A previous study has shown that the anti-apoptotic effects of cordycepin are partially dependent on the activation of A1R [16], and cordycepin increases theta waves power density via nonspecific a

• Earlier studies revealed an interaction between HSP and ACK

  2024-11-27

  

  Earlier studies revealed an interaction between HSP90β and ACK1 [15]. In the proteomic approach, we show that ACK1 associates with HSP90α and HSP90β. Additionally, we confirm the existence of a HSP90-ACK1 complex with co-IP experiments. We further analysed whether an inhibition of HSP90 affected the

• The small fishers with little or no quota who remained

  2024-11-27

  

  The small fishers with little or no quota who remained relied on quota leasing arrangements to continue their fishing operations. Such arrangements had relatively high transaction costs and by early 2000 it appeared that the demise of the small fisher was imminent [2]. The introduction in 2001 of t

• br In vivo visualization of aromatase with positron emission

  2024-11-27

  

  In vivo visualization of aromatase with positron emission tomography (PET) Positron emission tomography (PET) utilizes the high 3ma australia photons formed during the annihilation of positrons to detect the changes in the amount and localization of injected radiopharmaceuticals in the living bo

• br Acknowledgements This work is sponsored

  2024-11-27

  

  Acknowledgements This work is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31201963) and Youth Backbone Teachers Project in Henan Province Department of Education, China (grant no. 2016GGJS-061). Introduction Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disord

• The functional similarity between GPR and APLNR

  2024-11-27

  

  The functional similarity between GPR25 and APLNR, ie both can be activated by Apelin and Apela and are coupled to Gi-cAMP signaling pathway (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), strongly suggests that GPR25 signaling may play important physiological and pathological roles in vertebrates more or less similar to

• br Downstream signalling of AKT A

  2024-11-26

  

  Downstream signalling of AKT A consensus phosphorylation motif has been described for AKT substrates: R-X-R-X-X-S/T-B where X represents any amino nhs biotin and B represents bulky hydrophobic residues (Alessi, Caudwell, Andjelkovic, Hemmings, & Cohen, 1996). Numerous AKT substrates have been pu

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